Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) is an RNA virus that causes more than 50% of upper respiratory tract infections in humans worldwide. Together with Respiratory Syncytial Virus, RV is one of the leading causes of viral bronchiolitis in infants and the most common virus associated with wheezing in children aged between one and two years. Because of its tremendous genetic diversity (>150 serotypes), the recurrence of RV infections each year is quite typical. Furthermore, because of its broad clinical spectrum, the clinical variability as well as the pathogenesis of RV infection are nowadays the subjects of an in-depth examination and have been the subject of several studies in the literature. In fact, the virus is responsible for direct cell cytotoxicity in only a small way, and it is now clearer than ever that it may act indirectly by triggering the release of active mediators by structural and inflammatory airway cells, causing the onset and/or the acute exacerbation of asthmatic events in predisposed children. In the present review, we aim to summarize the RV infection’s epidemiology, pathogenetic hypotheses, and available treatment options as well as its correlation with respiratory morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population.
Highlights
Rhinovirus (RV) has long been known to be the main etiologic agent of “common colds”, which are clinically characterized by an association of such signs and symptoms as rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, headache, and diffuse malaise
In the last few decades, the impact of RV infection on the subsequent development of wheezing and asthma has been the subject of several studies
Capsid binders are one of the main groups of RV antiviral agents. These drugs work through insertion into the VP1 hydrophobic pocket underneath the floor of the canyon, a depression of the viral capsid surface involved in cell receptor binding
Summary
Rhinovirus (RV) has long been known to be the main etiologic agent of “common colds”, which are clinically characterized by an association of such signs and symptoms as rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, headache, and diffuse malaise. The following sections highlight the most recent discoveries concerning RV biochemical features as well as the related infection’s pathogenesis, the activation of host immunological response, the actual available therapeutic strategies, and RV’s correlation with respiratory morbidity in childhood
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