Abstract
We investigate net-proton fluctuations as important observables measured in heavy-ion collisions within the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model. Special emphasis is given to effects which are a priori not inherent in a thermally and chemically equilibrated HRG approach. In particular, we point out the importance of taking into account the successive regeneration and decay of resonances below the chemical freeze-out, which lead to a randomization of the isospin of nucleons and thus to additional fluctuations in the net-proton number. We find good agreement between our model results and the recent STAR measurements of the higher-order moments of the net-proton distribution.
Highlights
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions have contributed tremendously to our understanding of strongly interacting matter at high temperatures T and net baryon densities n(Bnet)
We investigate net proton fluctuations as important observables measured in heavy-ion collisions within the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model
We investigated systematically the influence of various refinements in the HRG model calculation of net proton fluctuations and compared our results to the recent STAR data in [28]
Summary
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions have contributed tremendously to our understanding of strongly interacting matter at high temperatures T and net baryon densities n(Bnet). We compare different HRG model calculations of net proton fluctuations in a grand-canonical ensemble study by systematically including various refinements: a restriction from net baryon number fluctuations to net proton fluctuations, the application of experimentally realized kinematic cuts, an inclusion of the effects of strong resonance decays as well as of isospinchanging interactions of the nucleons with thermal pions after the chemical freeze-out. In heavy-ion collisions the global net baryon number, netelectric charge and net strangeness are conserved exactly and on average as in a grand-canonical ensemble This can cause large effects on the fluctuations [36,38].
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