Impact of repeated and unchangeable sowing of spring wheat in the forest steppe of Western Siberia

Abstract

An important negative impact on the decrease in the yield and quality of grain of grain crops, is a violation in the use of the structure of arable land, the selection of predecessors, including fallow, the expansion of repeated sowing of these crops, especially spring wheat. This trend in the soil and climatic zones of the Omsk region. The research was carried out in the Omsk region according to the generally accepted current methods. Without the use of chemicals, there is a steady pattern of grain yield decrease when the crop is removed from the steam predecessor on average from 2.02 to 1.07 t / ha, or by 47%. With the complex use of chemicals, a significant increase in yield (up to 3.33 t / ha) was observed by 2.16 times. It was found that on repeated sowing of spring wheat, the productivity of the crop relative to the fallow predecessor decreases on average from 3.02 to 1.88 t / ha, or by 61%. Against the background without chemicalization, grain yield was only 1.08 t / ha. With the combined use of intensification means, improvement of the conditions of mineral nutrition, more favorable phytosanitary conditions in the agrophytocenosis, an increase in the productivity of spring wheat to 2.64 t / ha is noted, however, it is more than 1.5 times inferior to the steam predecessor with the advantage of the moldboard and combined tillage system in crop rotation.