Abstract
Climate directly impacts health through climatic extremes, air quality, sea-level rise, and multifaceted influences on food production systems and water resources. Climate also affects infectious diseases, which have played a significant role in human history, impacting the rise and fall of civilizations and facilitating the conquest of new territories. This review highlights significant regional changes in vector and pathogen distribution , changes that have been anticipated by scientists worldwide . Further future changes are likely if we fail to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Many key factors affect the spread and severity of human diseases, including mobility of people , animals , and goods; control measures in place; availability of effective drugs; quality of public health services; human behavior; and political stability and conflicts.
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