Impact of psychotic features on morbidity and course of illness in patients with bipolar disorder

Abstract

Objective In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical features and response patterns to the long-term prophylaxis of bipolar patients with or without psychotic features. Method The life charts of patients with bipolar I disorder were evaluated. Two hundred and eighty-one patients who suffer with bipolar disorder for at least 4 years and who had at least three mood episodes were included to the study. The patients whose all episodes are psychotic (psychotic group) and the patients who never experienced psychotic episode (non-psychotic group) were assigned as comparison groups. The clinical features and the response to long-term prophylaxis were compared across the groups. Results The psychotic group consists of 43 patients; non-psychotic group consists of 54 patients. The history of bipolar disorder among the first-degree relatives was remarkably more prevalent in non-psychotic group ( p = 0.032). The predominance of manic/hypomanic episodes was significantly higher in psychotic group than non-psychotic group; and the rate of depressive episodes were higher in non-psychotic group than psychotic group ( p = 0.013). Episodes were more severe ( p < 0.001) and hospitalization rates were higher ( p = 0.023) in psychotic group. The response to lithium monotherapy was better in non-psychotic group ( p < 0.001). Conclusion The well identified psychotic subtype of bipolar patients may give important predictions about long term course and prophylaxis of bipolar disorder.