Impact of protein/peptide templates on metallic nanoparticle synthesis and applications

Abstract

Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), represented by nanoparticles of noble metals and their alloys, metal oxides and sulfides, have broad applications in various fields due to their excellent catalytic and sensing properties. However, their synthesis is usually accompanied by harsh conditions, the use of harmful chemicals and other unfavorable factors. Now, with the ongoing development of biomineralization, proteins and peptides are gradually being considered safe and effective synthesis templates since they can control the chelation, nucleation and growth of metal nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. Meanwhile, such templates expose more active sites during the synthesis of MNPs, thus enhancing their activities. Through a bottom-up strategy, the size, facet, morphology and structure of the synthesized MNPs can be regulated, impacting their activities and functions. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the synthesis of protein/peptide-templated MNPs and their applications, including the sources and designs of the peptide/protein templates and how these bio-templates guide the synthesis of MNPs. The applications of these MNPs as catalysts and in the medical field are also explored. By gathering the current research in the field and identifying the gaps in existing research, we hope to provide ideas and inspiration for future research, such as design strategies, novel bio-templates and the biomineralization of unexplored noble metals.