Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate associations of premature ovarian failure (POF) with mortality and morbidity in Asian populations.MethodsWe identified 1,003 cases of POF among 36,402 postmenopausal women who participated in the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a population-based cohort study. Cox regression and logistic regression models were applied in data analysis.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounding factors, we found that POF increased the risk of total and cancer-specific mortality (HR (95%CIs): 1.29 (1.08–1.54) and 1.38 (1.05–1.81), respectively). POF was also associated with high prevalence of autoimmune disease (OR (95%CI): 1.56 (1.04–2.35)) but decreased incidence of breast cancer (OR (95%CI): 0.59 (0.38–0.91)). Similar results were observed when hormone replacement therapy users were excluded from the analysis. POF is associated with high waist-to-hip ratio.ConclusionsOur results suggest that women with POF experience increased mortality and that these women may benefit from heightened surveillance and appropriate interventions.
Highlights
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined as the cessation of menses associated with secondary amenorrhea, sex steroid deficiency, and elevated serum levels of gonadotropins before the age of 40 [1,2]
Among the 36,402 postmenopausal women included in the analyses, 1,003 (2.8%) met the criteria for POF, 93 of whom reported to have used hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at baseline
Menopause due to surgery or other iatrogenic causes was less prevalent among POF cases than noncases
Summary
Premature ovarian failure (POF) ( known as premature menopause) is defined as the cessation of menses associated with secondary amenorrhea, sex steroid deficiency, and elevated serum levels of gonadotropins before the age of 40 [1,2]. Previous studies have shown that women who experience POF have increased overall mortality and are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurocognitive disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, endocrine and autoimmune disorders, as well as subfertility [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. All of these studies focused on the specific health consequences of POF in Western populations. The numbers of women of Asian ancestry in that study, women with POF, were very small [15], and to date, little is known about POF or its impact on morbidity and mortality among Asian women
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