Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the effects of natural variables, including precipitation and flow rate, on the quality of the Zarjoub River in Guilan province, Iran. The new hydrological insight in this study is a lack of national research focused on the dual effects of rainfall and flow rate on river water quality in coastal areas along the Anzali Wetland. To investigate the effect of precipitation and flow rate on river water quality, nine water quality variables were monitored during the 10-year period. In this article, (a) the existence of trends and the best fitted models of water quality parameters and the discharge and precipitation were analysed using statistical techniques and (b) the relationships between concentration of constituents with the discharge and precipitation on the up-stream and middle station were also examined. Box plots, for explaining the distribution of a data collection, were used. The results showed the existence of trend of water quality parameters with river flow and rainfall. As presented in Section 3, with increasing precipitation and flow rate, concentration of all constituents, except pH and SO₄2, decreased. On the contrary, the maximum amount of water quality elements was observed in low precipitations; therefore, the maximum concentration occurred in less than 15 mm precipitation. Simple regression was used to evaluate the discharge concentration and precipitation concentration. According to the correlation coefficient (r), the relationship between concentration and precipitation is weaker than (0.238) discharge concentration (0.699). The results further showed climate change and river water quality to be related.
Highlights
Zarjoub is one of the rivers polluting Anzali Wetland, known as a habitat for migratory birds. is swampy area is the value of an officially registered wetland under the Ramsar Convention
Upstream fluctuations are greater than the midpoint. e ratio of the highest to the lowest concentration, flow rate, and rainfall for the upstream station are discharge (226.3 : 1), Cl− (25.5 : 1), Na+(17.01 : 1), Mg2+(17.2 : 1), SO42−(7.5 : 1), HCO3−(5.8 : 1), rainfall 5.1; 1), total dissolved solids (TDS) (5.04 : 1), electrical conductivity (EC) (5.03 : 1), Ca2+(3.3 : 1), and pH (1.2 : 1) and for the midstream station are discharge (57.8 : 1), Na+(20.8 : 1), Cl− (15.2 : 1), Mg2+(10.3 : 1), SO42−(8.1 : 1), EC (6.2 : 1), TDS (6.21 : 1), rainfall (5.7; 1), Ca2+(4.3 : 1), HCO3−(3.4 : 1), and pH (1.1 : 1). e predominant anions and cations in the water of the Zarjoub River are Cl− and Na+, respectively
(1) Negative correlation with precipitation and discharge was calculated from all water quality parameters except pH and SO42−
Summary
Zarjoub is one of the rivers polluting Anzali Wetland, known as a habitat for migratory birds. is swampy area is the value of an officially registered wetland under the Ramsar Convention. E water quality of creeks and rivers is very sensitive to human influences and natural processes, affecting their use for various agricultural, drinking, and industrial purposes [1,2,3]. Climate and seasonal changes lead to biological activity in the catchment area that affects the water quality of rivers [4,5,6]. Some researchers have studied the effect of meteorological variables on water resource management [7, 8]. E river water quality is changed due to chemical properties, unlike seawater (due to chemical and biological interactions) [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. Many previous studies have suggested several strategies for improving water quality in different parts of the world [21,22,23]
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