Abstract
Ports are an important type of land use in coastal cities, and the development of ports has a significant influence on the spatial pattern of land use in port cities. However, the research focusing on economic indicators hardly reflects the process of changes in the spatial distribution of land development in coastal port cities. This paper introduces a spatial association rule method to establish a coastline and land development intensity (CLDI) model and land use transfer (LUT) model in the vertical direction of coastal zones to mine the association rules between shoreline change and land development intensity along the sea–land gradient in the Qingdao and Yantai coastal zones and to explore the important land development sequence patterns. The results showed that, in the early stage of regional development, the land development intensity decreased from sea to land. In the later stage, as the industry transferred to nearby towns, the land units with extremely strong and strong levels started to move to the end or middle of the sequence. With the improvement of the urban construction level, the simple LUT pattern sequence that increased building land through the occupation of cultivated land and forestland was replaced gradually by complex sequences with multiple components. The relationship between land development and distance from the port showed that the areas with strong land development intensity gradually moved from coastal to inland areas over time. Port shipping has a profound influence on port city land use patterns. Industrial transfer drives the development of surrounding towns during the metaphase. This trend was used to build a second port to realize the division of transportation capacity, as the old port’s carrying capacity tended to become saturated. This paper revealed the general changes in the important land use patterns in port areas through a comparative study of the Qingdao and Yantai port areas and the differences among different geographical locations and development processes. This study provides a reference for the rational planning of coastal zone spatial layouts and provides a model basis for the analysis of the spatial structure of coastal zones. This information can be used to coordinate the relationship between ports and cities and promote the sustainable development of coastal zones.
Highlights
Since the building land (BL) of the eastern old town was basically saturated, the industrial sector in the old city transferred to the Licang and Laoshan Districts and connected the Chengyang and Jimo Districts to form a chain of industrial zones around Qingdao
This process was shown in the association rules as the following coastline and land development intensity (CLDI) sequences associated with the Qingdao port: Extremely Strong
The old town in the south of the city focused on cultivating the modern service industry, which led to many secondary industries located in the middle of the sequence, thethe
Summary
Ports are an important node between sea and land, and port development drives land development and land use transformation in coastal zones [1]. The port has a close connection with the hinterland of the city where it is located. Cities provide both a material basis and policy and economic support for port construction and expansion. A port city uses its own location advantages to establish a complete logistics system for the port. Port-led industrial agglomerations promote infrastructure and transportation construction, further affecting the development of industry
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