Impact of polymer geometry on the interactions of protein-PEG conjugates

Abstract

The conjugation of high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) to an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is an attractive strategy for the modification of biophysical and biodistribution properties of the API. Indeed, several therapeutic proteins conjugated to PEG have been safely administered in the clinic. While there have been studies on the configuration of these conjugates in solution, investigations on the impact of PEG geometry on protein-PEG conjugate interactions is limited. In this study, we use dynamic light scattering (DLS), rheology, and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to investigate the biophysical solution and interaction behavior of a 50kDa Fab protein attached to either a linear or tetrameric (branched) 40kDa PEG molecule. The hydrodynamic radii, diffusivity, viscosity and pair distance distribution function (PDDF) were obtained for the protein-PEG conjugates in solution. An analysis revealed that interactions between unconjugated proteins were quite attractive, however linear PEG-protein conjugates exhibited net repulsive interactions, similar to that of the unconjugated polymer. Tetramer PEG-protein conjugates on the other hand, exhibited a net weak attractive interaction, indicating a more balanced distribution of repulsive and attractive interaction states. Further analysis of the SANS data using geometric models consistent with the PDDF elucidated the conjugates' equilibrium configuration in solution. Insights gained from measurements and analysis used here can also be useful in predicting how conjugate geometries affect viscosity and aggregation behavior, which are important in determining suitable protein-polymer drug formulations.