Abstract
The present study deals with biological control of Meloidogyne incognita in 45-days old Lycopersicon esculentum, inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa(M1) and Burkholderia gladioli (M2). The improved plant growth and biomass of nematode infested Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculated plants was observed. Remarkable reduction in the numbers of second stage juvenile (J2s), root galls was recorded after treatment of microbes relative to experimental controls. Moreover, the lowered activities of oxidative stress markers (H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), O2− (superoxide anion), malondialdehyde (MDA)) was estimated in plants after rhizobacterial supplementation. Higher activities of enzymatic (SOD (Superoxide dismutase), POD (Guaiacol peroxidase), CAT (Catalase), GPOX (Glutathione peroxidase), APOX (Ascorbate peroxidase), GST (Glutathione-S-transferase), GR (Glutathione reductase), DHAR (Dehydroascorbate reductase), PPO (Polyphenol oxidase)) and non-enzymatic (glutathione, ascorbic acid, tocopherol) antioxidants were further determined in nematode infected plants following the addition of bacterial strains. The upregulation of photosynthetic activities were depicted by evaluating plant pigments and gas exchange attributes. An increase in the levels of phenolic compounds (total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins), osmoprotectants (total osmolytes, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, trehalose, proline, glycine betaine, free amino acids) and organic acids (fumaric, succinic, citric, malic acid) were reflected in infected plants, showing further enhancement after application of biocontrol agents. The study revealed the understanding of plant metabolism, along with the initiative to commercially exploit the biocontrol agents as an alternative to chemical nematicides in infected fields for sustainable agriculture.
Highlights
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. is one of the most important crops of the world that is mostly cultivated by the farmers after potato due of its broader adaptability, high yield and its suitability for number of uses in fresh and processed food markets [1]
The ramifications of microbial strains (P. aeruginosa (M1) and B. gladioli (M2) on morphological parameters of 45-days old L. esculentum plants raised under plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) infestation was investigated in terms of root length, shoot length, biomass and number of galls
The gall numbers (27) were counted in plants inhabited with nematodes, and their significant reduction was noted in the plants supplemented with rhizobacterial strains
Summary
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. is one of the most important crops of the world that is mostly cultivated by the farmers after potato due of its broader adaptability, high yield and its suitability for number of uses in fresh and processed food markets [1]. Is one of the most important crops of the world that is mostly cultivated by the farmers after potato due of its broader adaptability, high yield and its suitability for number of uses in fresh and processed food markets [1]. The PPNs plummet nearly about 100 billion dollars of yearly agricultural losses, in spite of using all the commercially available methods for nematode management [4]. This has been mediated by fluctuation in the global temperatures caused by climatic factors, favouring PPNs population in soil either by affecting their life cycle or altering the host machinery and facilitating the infection process to take place [5]
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