Abstract
Effects of placental growth factor (PGF), an angiokine product of fetal trophoblasts and maternal decidual cells, on early decidual angiogenesis are undefined. We used whole-mount immunofluorescence analyses to compare uterus and gestation day 4.5–9.5 mouse implantation sites that differed genetically in fetal or maternal PGF deficiency. Implant site number and embryonic development were similar in Pgf−/− and Pgf+/+ females although Pgf−/− lymphatic vessels were anomalous. Correct, fine branching angiogenesis of anti-mesometrial vessels required both conceptus and maternal PGF; correct mesometrial branching angiogenesis depended solely upon conceptus PGF. Thus, PGF is non-redundant for optimizing branching angiogenesis in early decidua.
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