Impact of Physical Activity and Weight Loss on Fat Mass, Glucose Metabolism, and Inflammation in Older African Americans with Osteoarthritis.

Andrew Mcleod,Giamila Fantuzzi,Andrew Demott,Susan Hughes,Karla Castellanos,Marian Fitzgibbon,Lisa Tussing-Humphreys,Sarah Olender,Linda Schiffer

doi:10.3390/nu12113299

Andrew Mcleod, Giamila Fantuzzi + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113299

Copy DOI

Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Oct 28, 2020
Citations: 7	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago

Abstract

(1) Background: There are currently very few interventions performed within a community setting that compare the effects of physical activity (PA) versus PA plus weight loss on cancer and chronic disease risk in older African Americans. Therefore, we investigated the impact of an 8 week (24 session) PA intervention compared to a PA plus weight loss intervention on fat mass, glucose metabolism, and markers of inflammation in older, overweight and obese African Americans. (2) Methods: Subjects were randomized to a PA (n = 83) or PA plus weight loss (n = 72) intervention that met three times weekly for 8 weeks. At baseline and post-intervention, anthropometrics, body composition, systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 6), fasting glucose, insulin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. (3) Results: Subjects had a mean age of 67 years (SD = 5.3) and were mostly women (88%). The PA plus weight loss group lost more total and visceral fat than the PA group (−4.0% vs. +0.6% and −4.1% vs. +3.7%, respectively, p < 0.01 for both). Changes in inflammation and glucose metabolism were similar between groups post-intervention. Within the PA plus weight loss group only, serum insulin and HOMA-IR decreased significantly. (4) Conclusions: PA combined with weight loss can decrease total and visceral fat mass and improve insulin sensitivity, confirming that these cancer- and chronic disease-related risk factors are influenced by relatively modest lifestyle changes in the short term.

Highlights

The United States population is at high risk for cancer and several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D)
Obesity and low levels of physical activity (PA) are risk factors for several types of cancer, such as breast and colorectal cancers [4,5,6,7,8,9], and for several other non-communicable diseases, such as CVD [10,11], and T2D [12]. These risk factors are highly prevalent in African American (AA) women, with those 20 years and older having the highest rates of obesity and those aged 45–64 engaging in less PA than their non-Hispanic white counterparts [13,14]
Our results show that an 8 week (24 session) PA plus weight loss intervention (F&S!+) in older, overweight and obese AAs with osteoarthritis can produce decreases in body fat and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) that are significantly greater than the changes produced by the PA intervention (F&S!) alone

Summary

Introduction

The United States population is at high risk for cancer and several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Obesity and low levels of physical activity (PA) are risk factors for several types of cancer, such as breast and colorectal cancers [4,5,6,7,8,9], and for several other non-communicable diseases, such as CVD [10,11], and T2D [12] These risk factors are highly prevalent in African American (AA) women, with those 20 years and older having the highest rates of obesity and those aged 45–64 engaging in less PA than their non-Hispanic white counterparts [13,14]. AAs, especially women, have higher chronic disease risk such as for CVD [17] and T2D [18]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion