Abstract
Pesticides, used in culture, may induce oxidative stress by stimulation of free radicals production, what may result in lipid peroxidation, proteome damage, changes in DNA and RNA structures and disturbance of total antioxidative capacity in organisms’ cells. In disturbances caused by increase synthesis ROS (reactive oxygen species) or lack antioxidative defense that is in oxidative stress it is seen one of all causes of aging process. Chronological aging of baker’s and wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in liquid stationary culture is used as model of research on the aging process. As a result of aging changes take place in yeast cells which have physiological, genetic, metabolic and morphological character, what cause their death in consequence. Some scientists treat chronological yeast aging as analogy of fibroblasts aging of multicellular organisms, skeletal muscles or nerve cells. The aim of the experiment was to obtain the answer on question connected with toxicity effect two widely available pesticides in shape of trade preparation, used among other things in culture of grapevine Miedzian 50 WP (Cu 50WP) and Siarkol Extra 80 WP (S 80WP) on vitality of wine yeast in chronological aging. During research cells of wine yeast Tokay, which are used in production of white wines, and cells of Malaga strain, used in production of white and red wines, were applied. Yeast culture with pesticides supplementation in determined concentrations was conducted through seven days in YPG medium. At that time vitality of yeast cells was determined by the percentage of cells surviving, percentage of dead cells and culture density. Considerable influence on decreasing vitality of yeast cells in the process of aging showed S 80WP, what correlate with the increase of applied concentration in both example of Malaga and Tokay. Obtained results in application of Cu 50WP indicated lower toxicity in culture of both studied strains in comparison to the control. Our studies suggest that studied pesticides may cause the intensity of processes connected with cells aging.
Highlights
Pesticides are applied around the world to chemical protection of plants in order to reduce damages from the existence of both vermin and weeds and to increase the harvest of cultivated plants (Wrzosek et al 2009)
That we decided to ask whether popular pesticides culture of grapevine Miedzian 50 WP (Cu 50WP) and Siarkol Extra 80 WP (S 80WP) have an influence on processes, connected with aging in model of long-term stationary culture of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which according to many scientists can be concerned as analogy to state of non-proliferating cells of human: fibroblasts, skeletal muscles and nerve cells (Longo et al 1996, Chen and Runge 2009, Balazsi 2010)
During the first day of culture significant drop of culture density of Malaga in supplementation of Cu 50WP and S 80WP was observed in comparison to control
Summary
Pesticides are applied around the world to chemical protection of plants in order to reduce damages from the existence of both vermin and weeds and to increase the harvest of cultivated plants (Wrzosek et al 2009). It was demonstrated that glyphosate with low concentration is detected in blood serum of people (Kwiatkowska et al 2013) It may induce cancerous changes and affect on hormonal ones. It stimulates forming reactive forms of oxygen and it influence on the change in system of potential membrane of mitochondrion, what results in necrosis and apoptosis of cells of different types (Banerjee et al 2001, Heu et al 2012). Toxic effect of fungicides may result in instability of cell wall, changes of osmolarity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) even within people (Hayes et al 2014). With adaptation to oxygen conditions and reactive forms of oxygen, organisms developed different defense systems against ROS They are not able to eliminate damages caused by those factors completely. Chronological aging of yeast is commonly used in studying of aging processes (Grey et al 2004, Longo et al 2012) (figure1)
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