Impact of Penang South Reclamation Project on Fisherman Socio-economic Case Study: Southwest Penang

Abstract

The Penang South Reclamation, proposed in 2015, aims to fund the Penang Transport Master Plan, which aims to improve public transport and access roads; however, it remains in the approval stage. Penang 2030 aims to improve traffic and public transport through the Penang Transport Master Plan but faces challenges like noise and air pollution. Aquaculture Industrial Zones and artificial reefs support housing. The study aims to evaluate the Penang South Reclamation project's impact on fishermen, particularly those in Southwest Penang, by assessing income, quality of living, and family education and well-being, focusing on house ownership. The survey reveals that most fishermen in the study area are sole income earners, with household incomes under RM2,500, making them vulnerable to economic changes and food inflation. Fishermen heavily depend on fishing for family survival, with 90% staying within a 5-kilometer radius from their source of income. Despite good infrastructure, they live in densely populated areas. The Social Impact Assessment report reveals that fishermen are the least educated, highlighting the need for improved education opportunities for future generations. They agree on adequate education but struggle with extra tuition fees and tertiary education.