Impact of Patient Safety Indicators on readmission after abdominal aortic surgery

Abstract

Patient safety is a critical component of health-care quality and measures created by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to identify hospitalizations with potentially preventable adverse events. This analysis evaluated whether Patient Safety Indicator (PSI) events after open surgical repair (OSR) or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) were associated with increased risk of readmission. Patients undergoing elective repair of nonruptured AAA from 2009 to 2012 were selected in the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. To identify PSI events, we used the AHRQ PSI International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification numerator codes. Chi-square test, multivariable logistic regression analysis, nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for statistics. A total of 66,923 patients undergoing elective AAA repair were evaluated: (1) 9,315 with OSR and (2) 57,608 with EVAR. The most frequent PSI events after OSR versus EVAR were postoperative respiratory failure (PSI, 11; 17.7% vs 1.8%; P<.0001); perioperative hemorrhage/hematoma (PSI, 9; 3.6% vs 2.6%; P<.0001); postoperative sepsis (PSI, 13; 3.5% vs 0.4%; P<.0001); accidental puncture or laceration (PSI, 15; 2.1% vs 0.6%; P<.0001); and postoperative acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (PSI, 10; 1.4% vs 0.2%; P<.0001). The overall 30-day readmission rate was 10.5%. The occurrence of any PSI event overall significantly increased 30-day readmission compared with no event cases (odds ratio [OR]=1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57-1.86). Likelihood of 30-day readmission was greater for postoperative acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (OR=1.66; 95% CI, 1.28-2.15), postoperative respiratory failure (OR=1.36; 95% CI, 1.22-1.52), perioperative hemorrhage (OR=1.34; 95% CI, 1.18-1.52), and postoperative pressure ulcer (OR = 2.88; 95% CI, 1.99-4.17). Occurrence of any PSI event was associated with an increased total hospital and intensive care unit length of stay and total hospital charges (all P<.001). In conclusion, AHRQ PSI events may be used to identify patients at the greatest risk for readmission after AAA repair. The risk for 30-day readmission was 71% higher when a PSI event occurred and was not associated with the type of repair. Minimizing preventable PSI events may be beneficial to reducing hospital readmissions after open and endovascular AAA repair and to improving hospital resource utilization.