Abstract
An efficient somatic embryogenesis system is reported for date palm cv. Al-Fayda, a genotype resistant to the bayoud disease. Callus induction was achieved from adventitious bud explants cultured for 6 months on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 4.5 μM 6-(dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP) and various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or picloram. The highest somatic embryogenesis frequency (89%) was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 225 μM 2,4-D. Subsequently, embryogenic cultures were transferred to agitated liquid MS medium (maturation medium) containing various concentrations of mannitol, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or sorbitol. The highest rate of somatic embryo maturation (71.4 mature embryos per 100 mg callus) was achieved on the medium supplemented with 40 g l-1 PEG. Mature somatic embryos were then transferred to MS medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA3) or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at various concentrations. The highest frequency of germination and conversion (26%) was obtained on the medium containing 5 μM NAA and 5 μM BAP. The developed plants were then transferred to ex vitro conditions, where a survival rate of 77.02% was observed. The regeneration protocol established in the present investigation will be used for mass propagation of date palm cv. Al-Fayda.
Highlights
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a highly valuable crop species in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.1,2 This species is mainly cultivated for its highly nutritious fruits and for creating favorable conditions for agriculture in arid region.2,3 Besides, date palm plays important economic roles by generating employment and significantly contributing to the income of local populations.4 the Moroccan palm groves are threatened by the wilt disease known as bayoud
The adventitious buds were maintained during 3 months in plant growth regulators (PGRs)-free semi-solid and half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (1/2MS)13 in order to avoid the effect of previous PGRs on callus induction
Effect of PGRs on Somatic Embryogenesis Callus formation started during the first month of culture from the wounded areas before enveloping the entire explant
Summary
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a highly valuable crop species in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This species is mainly cultivated for its highly nutritious fruits and for creating favorable conditions for agriculture in arid region. Besides, date palm plays important economic roles by generating employment and significantly contributing to the income of local populations. the Moroccan palm groves are threatened by the wilt disease known as bayoud. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a highly valuable crop species in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a highly valuable crop species in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.1,2 This species is mainly cultivated for its highly nutritious fruits and for creating favorable conditions for agriculture in arid region.. The Moroccan palm groves are threatened by the wilt disease known as bayoud. Bayoud, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. Albedinis, killed millions of date palm plants during the last century, causing a significant reduction in the populations of the best date palm varieties and the disappearance of many others.. The only way to fight this disease and to rehabilitate Moroccan palm groves is through selection and large-scale propagation of bayoudresistant cultivars Bayoud, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, killed millions of date palm plants during the last century, causing a significant reduction in the populations of the best date palm varieties and the disappearance of many others. To date, there is no effective chemical treatment to control bayoud. The only way to fight this disease and to rehabilitate Moroccan palm groves is through selection and large-scale propagation of bayoudresistant cultivars
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