Abstract
BackgroundA dynamic study on the transmission of malaria was conducted in two areas (R+ area: Low resistance area; R+++ area: High resistance area) in the department of Plateau in South Eastern Benin, where the population is protected by Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). The aim of this study was to determine if the resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides has an impact on their behavior and on the effectiveness of LLINs in the reduction of malaria transmission.MethodsPopulations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. were sampled monthly by human landing catch in the two areas to evaluate human biting rates (HBR). Collected mosquitoes were identified morphologically and female Anopheles mosquitoes were tested for the presence of Plasmodium falciparum antigen as assessed using ELISA. The entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was also calculated (EIR = HBR x sporozoitic index [S]). We estimated the parity rate by dissecting the females of An. gambiae. Finally, window catch and spray catch were conducted in order to assess the blood feeding rate and the exophily rate of vectors.ResultsAfter 6 months of tracking the mosquito's behavior in contact with the LLINs (Olyset) in R+++ and R+ areas, the entomological indicators of the transmission of malaria (parity rate and sporozoitic index) were similar in the two areas. Also, An. gambiae populations showed the same susceptibility to P. falciparum in both R+ and R+++ areas. The EIR and the exophily rate are higher in R+ area than in R+++ area. But the blood-feeding rate is lower in R+ area comparing to R+++.ConclusionThe highest entomological inoculation rate observed in R+ area is mostly due to the strong aggressive density of An. gambiae recorded in one of the study localities. On the other hand, the highest exophily rate and the low blood-feeding rate recorded in R+ area compared to R+++ area are not due to the resistance status of An. gambiae, but due to the differences in distribution and availability of breeding sites for Anopheles mosquitoes between areas. However, this phenomenon is not related to the resistance status, but is related to the environment instead.
Highlights
A dynamic study on the transmission of malaria was conducted in two areas (R+ area: Low resistance area; R+++ area: High resistance area) in the department of Plateau in South Eastern Benin, where the population is protected by Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs)
Results from statistical analysis reveal that, there is no impact of the resistance level of Anopheles gambiae s.l. on the transmission of malaria (p = 0.43)
The main goal of this study is to determine if the resistance of malaria vectors to pyrethroids affects the efficacy of LLINs
Summary
A dynamic study on the transmission of malaria was conducted in two areas (R+ area: Low resistance area; R+++ area: High resistance area) in the department of Plateau in South Eastern Benin, where the population is protected by Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). The aim of this study was to determine if the resistance of malaria vectors to insecticides has an impact on their behavior and on the effectiveness of LLINs in the reduction of malaria transmission. Long Lasting Insecticidal nets (LLINs) are important tools in malaria vector control. The assets of this tool are mainly rooted in the fact that those protected by LLINs are no more exposed to the bites of Anopheles vectors, and a strong coverage rate provides protection to the rest of the community [5,6,7]. Several results from studies carried out in Africa and in Papua
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