Impact of Obesity in Male and Female Infertility

Abstract

Obesity have negative effects on the fertility of males and females. In females the obesity can induce hormonal imbalances for example adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, omentin, chemerin) on reproductive axis, irregularities in menstrual cycle, reduce conception rate and complications in pregnancy. The adverse effect is insulin resistance and insulin excess that is associated with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)-irregular periods. In males the obesity affects HPG gland that in turn disturb the endocrine regulation of reproductive function with high level of estrogen and low level of testosterone, progesterone, and SHBG (sex-hormone binding globulin). DNA damage of sperm, high scrotal temperature because of highly fatted scrotum area, low production of sperms and decreased motility of sperm are all the effects of obesity in males that cause infertility. The aim of the review article is to thoroughly cover the effect of obesity on reproductive functions, hormonal concentrations & fertility potential in females & males.