Abstract

Stomata closure under adverse conditions leads to reduced CO 2 assimilation and yield penalty. This review focuses on advances in stomata research especially for crops growing at hyperosmotic saline environments. Possible new aspects of nutritional imbalances under saline hyperosmotic conditions on guard cell metabolism which were deduced from the recent literature were focused. In particular possible effects of high Na + concentration on GABA shunt which may regulate tonoplast anion channel activity and thus stomatal aperture were discussed. The extent to which stress-induced GABA production influences stomatal behavior in interaction with other signaling pathways remains an interesting topic that requires further research. Another example is magnesium and its role in stomata regulation. Up to date understanding about the relevance of a salinity-induced reduction of magnesium for stomatal opening is rudimentary. Few reports have linked the magnesium-nutritional status to transpiration, doing so by contemplating a role of mesophyll-derived CO 2 - or sugar-signals. Further research is needed to test whether stomatal opening is delayed when photosynthetic electron transport or the ability to extrude protons are impaired due to salinity-induced deficiency of magnesium. Furthermore, we discuss an opinion that sulfur might be involved in guard cell regulation in crop plants. Our article may provoke further research to broaden the knowledge of the underlying guard cell physiology.

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