Abstract
BackgroundNPM, TFF3 and TACC1 are molecular markers that play important roles in cell differentiation. Herein, we investigated their prognostic impact in patients with primary gastric cancer (GC) and determined whether they could be used as markers of more aggressive gastric carcinomas by detecting the extent of expression in human gastric carcinoma samples.Methodology/Principal FindingsTumor tissue specimens from 142 GC patients were retrospectively retrieved and immunohistochemically evaluated. Correlations between NPM, TFF3 and TACC1 over-expression and clincopathologic parameters, and their prognostic values were investigated with χ2, Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox uni- and multivariate survival models. NPM, TFF3 and TACC1 expression was significantly higher in GC patients with poorly differentiated histologic type than that in patients with well differentiated histologic type. NPM expression was significantly higher in patients with hepatic metastasis or recurrence than that in patients without metastasis. TFF3 expression was significantly higher in patients with positive lymph node metastasis than that in patients with negative lymph node metastasis. Age, lymph node metastasis, and TFF3 and TACC1 over-expression were significantly correlated with low survival (P<0.05, P<0.05, P = 0.005 and P = 0.009, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis and TFF3 and TACC1 over-expression were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsTFF3 and TACC1 over-expression in epithelial cells of surgically resected GC tissues was an independent predictor of short survival in GC patients. The prognosis was poorer in patients with positive expression of both TFF3 and TACC1 than that in patients with positive expression of TFF3 or TACC1 alone, or with negative expression of TFF3 and TACC1.
Highlights
Gastric cancer (GC) is the 4th most common cancer worldwide (7.8% of all cancers) and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death (9.7% of all cancer deaths) worldwide [1]
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) and Transforming acidic coiled-coil 1 (TACC1) over-expression in epithelial cells of surgically resected gastric cancer (GC) tissues was an independent predictor of short survival in GC patients
The prognosis was poorer in patients with positive expression of both TFF3 and
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) is the 4th most common cancer worldwide (7.8% of all cancers) and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death (9.7% of all cancer deaths) worldwide [1]. Various biological factors involved in the pathogenesis of GC have been identified, but their clinical relevance has not been confirmed. Nucleophosmin (NMP), known as numatrin or NO38, is a member of the nucleoplasmin (NPM) family. It is a nucleolar phosphoprotein constantly shuttling between the nucleolus and cytoplasm [4]. NPM, TFF3 and TACC1 are molecular markers that play important roles in cell differentiation. We investigated their prognostic impact in patients with primary gastric cancer (GC) and determined whether they could be used as markers of more aggressive gastric carcinomas by detecting the extent of expression in human gastric carcinoma samples
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