Impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum Resistin and periodontal pathogen in periodontitis patients with obesity

Khairunnisa Md Tahir,Mohammad Tariqur Rahman,Nor Adinar Baharuddin,Roslan Saub,Aied M Alabsi,Fathilah Abdul Razak,Rathna Devi Vaithilingam,Ainul Haliza Ab Malek,Syarida Hasnur Safii

doi:10.1186/s12903-020-1039-3

Khairunnisa Md Tahir, Mohammad Tariqur Rahman + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-1039-3

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Abstract

BackgroundNon-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) known as gold standard treatment in managing periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of NSPT in periodontitis subjects who were obese. Clinical parameters of periodontitis, changes in serum resistin and periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque were compared before and after NSPT in periodontitis subjects who were obese and with normal weight.MethodsA total of 48 periodontitis subjects (obese, n = 18; normal weight, n = 30) were recruited (hereafter will be referred as participants) to participate into a prospective, before and after clinical trial. Obesity status is defined by body mass index (BMI) criteria (obese: ≥30 kg/ m2; normal weight < 25 kg/m2). Visible Plaque Index (VPI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) were recorded; and serum and plaque were collected at baseline and following 12 weeks post-NSPT. Serum resistin level was analyzed using enzyme-linked immune-sorbant assay (ELISA), while detection of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque were carried out using real time PCR (qPCR).ResultsFollowing NSPT, means VPI and GBI showed significant improvement between obese and normal weight groups (p < 0.05), but no difference in means PPD and CAL was observed between groups. Obesity remained as a predictor for VPI and GBI after adjusting for smoking habit. No significant difference was observed in serum resistin level and mean counts for P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia between obese and normal weight groups following NSPT.ConclusionsRegardless of obesity status, NSPT has a significant impact on VPI and GBI in periodontitis subjects. However, the impact of NSPT towards serum resistin and periodontal pathogens was non-significant in those with periodontitis.Trial registrationThis study followed the Consolidation Standards of Reporting Trials Statement and retrospectively registered on 26/11/2015 at clinicaltrials.gov (No. NCT02618486).

Highlights

Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) known as gold standard treatment in managing periodontitis
Previous studies demonstrated that mean counts of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were higher in obese with periodontitis [11, 12]
Socio-demographic profile of the participants Initially, there were 24 obese and 30 normal weight participants recruited in the study

Summary

Introduction

Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) known as gold standard treatment in managing periodontitis. Changes in serum resistin and periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque were compared before and after NSPT in periodontitis subjects who were obese and with normal weight. NSPT is expected to reduce the serum resistin level, which otherwise is present in higher amount in case of periodontal inflammation with periodontitis patients as compared to healthy individuals [5]. Previous research showed that mean serum resistin was higher in obese subjects with periodontitis followed by non-obese periodontitis and non-obese healthy [8]. Previous studies which compared obese and nonobese subjects with periodontitis following NSPT showed no significant difference in terms of serum levels of resistin at baseline and 3 months post-NSPT [5, 10]. Previous studies demonstrated that mean counts of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were higher in obese with periodontitis [11, 12]

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