Impact of non-Saccharomyces yeasts derived from traditional fermented foods on beer aroma: Analysis based on HS-SPME-GC/MS combined with chemometrics

Abstract

In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated the significant potential of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in aroma generation during fermentation. In this study, 134 strains of yeast were isolated from traditional fermented foods. Subsequently, through primary and tertiary screening, 28 strains of aroma-producing non-Saccharomyces yeast were selected for beer brewing. Headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and chemometrics were employed to analyze the volatile flavor substances in beer samples fermented using these strains. Chemometric analysis revealed that distinct species of non-Saccharomyces yeast had a unique influence on beer aroma, with strains from the same genus producing more similar flavor profiles. Accordingly, 2,6-nonadienal, 1-pentanol, phenyl ethanol, isoamyl acetate, ethyl caprate, butyl butyrate, ethyl propionate, furfuryl alcohol, phenethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl laurate, acetic acid, and 3-methyl-4 heptanone were identified as the key aroma compounds for distinguishing among different non-Saccharomyces yeast species. This work provides useful insights into the aroma-producing characteristics of different non-Saccharomyces yeasts to reference the targeted improvement of beer aroma.