Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is a disease of public health concern due to its high prevalence globally, especially in the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary levels of TIMP-1 among patients with chronic periodontitis in Nigeria. In this experimental study, unstimulated whole saliva (2 mL) was collected from participants in the experimental and control groups, coded (SP1-40 and SH1-40) respectively and assays for salivary TIMP-1as well as clinical measurements such as plaque (PI), probing depths (PD), and CAL were recorded before and 4 weeks after periodontal treatment. Assay was done using Quantikine human TIMP-1 ELISA kit. Data were presented using frequency tables, means and standard deviation. Paired-T Test assessed association between salivary TIMP-1 before and after treatment. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate salivary TIMP-1 levels with clinical parameters of periodontal disease and levels of statistical significance were set at p < 0.05. A total of 80 respondents participated in the study of which 43.80% were females. Age range was 18 - 60 years with a mean of 35.8 ± 12.46 years. Salivary TIMP-1 levels were lower in the case group (13.58 ± 6.53 ng/mL) than the control (15.27 ± 6.10 ng/mL) at baseline but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.13). There was a statistically significant increase in the salivary levels of TIMP-1 in the case group after phase-one periodontal therapy from 13.58 ± 6.53 ng/mL to 17.24 ± 8.44 ng/mL (p = 0.001). Negative correlations were observed between TIMP-1 and clinical parameters of periodontitis. This was not statistically significant. Therefore, TIMP-1 may not be an ideal biomarker for periodontal diagnosis but may be useful in treatment monitoring of the disease.
Highlights
Chronic Periodontitis was defined by the consensus committee of the American Academy of Periodontology as an infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment and bone loss [1] [2]
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-1 among patients with chronic periodontitis in Nigeria
TIMP-1 may not be an ideal biomarker for periodontal diagnosis but may be useful in treatment monitoring of the disease
Summary
Chronic Periodontitis was defined by the consensus committee of the American Academy of Periodontology as an infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment and bone loss [1] [2]. The prevalence of periodontal disease is 5% - 15% [5]. In Europe, severe periodontal disease is found in 5% - 20% of middle-aged (35 - 44 years) adults and up to 40% of older people (65 - 74 years) [6]. In the United State of America, over 47 percent of the adult population aged 30 years and above has mild, moderate or severe periodontitis, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [7]. According to CDC, periodontitis is more prevalent in men (56% versus 38% for women), non-Hispanic Black and Mexican-Americans (58% and nearly 67% respectively), current smokers (64%), and adults below 100% federal poverty levels (65%) or with less than a high school education (nearly 67%). In Africa, 35% are affected by varying degrees of periodontitis [8]
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