Abstract
The need and importance of Smart Spaces have been potentially realized by the researchers due to its applicability in the current lifestyle. Opportunistic network, a successor of mobile ad hoc networks and a budding technology of network, is a best-suited technology for implementing Smart Spaces due to its wide range of applications in real-life scenarios ranging from building smart cities to interplanetary communication. There are numerous routing protocols which are available in opportunistic network, each having their pros and cons; however, no research till the time of listing has been done which can quantitatively demonstrate the maximum performance of these protocols and standardize the comparison of opportunistic routing protocols which has been a major cause of ambiguous performance evaluation studies. The work here presents a categorical view of the opportunistic routing protocol family and thereby compares and contrasts the various simulators suited for their simulation. Thereafter, the most popular protocols (selecting at least one protocol from each category) are compared based on node density on as many as 8 standard performance metrics using ONE simulator to observe their scalability, realism, and comparability. The work concludes by presenting the merits and demerits of each of the protocols discussed as well as specifying the best routing protocol among all the available protocols for Smart Spaces with maximum output. It is believed that the results achieved by the implemented methodology will help future researchers to choose appropriate routing protocol to delve into their research under different scenarios.
Highlights
In the era of consistently changing environment, communication devices are getting intelligent day by day and delivering rapid and robust connections
It may be increased up to 200–250 when a busy pedestrian path is taken as an example. ere are many other real-life situations as well where node density differs as per the environment which directly affects the overall performance of Smart Spaces. erefore, this paper aims to find the suitability of the protocol being used in different scenarios
(1) Number of participating nodes: as already mentioned earlier, this paper aims to inspect the behavioral change of different routing protocols when several participating nodes vary to observe its suitability for setting up different Smart Spaces of different capabilities in different places for different purposes. e simulation study starts with several nodes 50 and it ends to 500 nodes in a particular simulation area (4500 × 3400 square meters). erefore, this paper considers it as the primary QoS metric for judging the quality of different routing protocols under various situations concerning node density
Summary
In the era of consistently changing environment, communication devices are getting intelligent day by day and delivering rapid and robust connections. DTNs have numerous applications like to provide smooth Internet arrangements in remote areas, in vehicular networks, noise observing, extraordinary terrestrial situations, and so on It is in this manner promising to recognize viewpoints for reconciliation and integration of opportunistic network systems and advances into delay-tolerant networking. (1) OppNets can tolerate high delays if the destination or another intermediate node is not responding due to any reason during data communication (2) OppNet may allow data transfer with asymmetric data rates (3) OppNets can prevent data loss due to connection failure as it follows the store-carry-forward approach (4) OppNets can manage data communication even in continuous ups and downs with network state as it is designed for operating under the situation of intermittent connection.
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