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Abstract
Abstract The sectorisation of water supply networks (WSNs) includes the permanent closure of valves in order to achieve a cost-effective leakage management and simplify pressure control. The impact of networks sectorisation, also known as district metered areas (DMAs), on water quality and discolouration has not been extensively studied and it remains unknown. In addition, hydraulic variables used in the literature for assessing the likelihood of potential discolouration are limited and inconclusive. This paper investigates a methodology to evaluate the impact of networks sectorisation (DMAs) on water quality and the likelihood of discolouration incidents. The methodology utilises a set of surrogate hydraulic variables and an analysis of the hydraulic condition in pipes with historic discolouration complaints. The proposed methodology has been applied to a large-scale WSN, with and without sectors, in order to assess the potential impact of DMAs on water quality. The results demonstrate that the sectorisation of WSN (DMAs) could compromise the overall water quality and increase the likelihood of discolouration incidents. The results of this study and the proposed surrogate hydraulic variables facilitate the formulation of optimisation problems for the re-design and control of WSNs with sectorised topologies.
Highlights
Water supply networks (WSNs) are designed to satisfy customer demands and comply with water quality regulations at a minimum cost (Alperovits & Shamir ; Savic & Walters ; Parsad & Park ; Farmani et al )
We assume that accumulation processes that depend on factors external to the sectors (DMAs), such as the supplied water quality, are equal for both network connectivity configurations, and the analysis focuses on the impact of the hydraulic conditions on accumulation processes
The topology of water supply networks (WSNs) has been actively modified in order to improve leakage and pressure management; no detailed design considerations have been given to the impact on water quality
Summary
Water supply networks (WSNs) are designed to satisfy customer demands and comply with water quality regulations at a minimum cost (Alperovits & Shamir ; Savic & Walters ; Parsad & Park ; Farmani et al ). These interrelated factors lead to a variety of network topologies and operational characteristics. Continuous regulatory and financial pressures for water utilities to reduce leakage and the cost of supply has led to the sectorisation of WSNs and the introduction of district metered areas (DMAs) (Diao et al ; Alvisi & Franchini ; Laucelli et al ) This includes the installation of permanently closed valves (kept-shut valves, Figure 1) to partition networks into smaller areas (sectors).
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