Abstract
BackgroundThe impact of dairy intake on cardiometabolic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) needs further research.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of milk consumption on a wide array of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MetS (blood lipids, cholesterol homeostasis, glucose homeostasis, systemic inflammation, blood pressure, endothelial function) in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity.MethodsIn this randomized, crossover study, 27 women with abdominal obesity consumed two 6-week diets based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), one with 3.2 servings/d of 2% fat milk per 2000 kcal (MILK) and one without milk or other dairy (NCEP). The macronutrient composition of both diets was comparable (55% carbohydrates, 15% proteins, 30% fat and 10% saturated fat).ResultsThe MILK diet had no significant effect on LDL-C, triglycerides, LDL size, CRP and cell adhesion molecule concentrations and on indicators of insulin sensitivity. The MILK diet reduced HDL-C, adiponectin, endothelin and fasting glucose levels as well blood pressure (all P ≤ 0.01), but those changes were comparable to those seen with the NCEP milk-free diet (all between-diet P ≥ 0.07). Finally, the MILK diet was associated with lower VLDL apolipoprotein B fractional catabolic rate (−13.4%; P = 0.04) and plasma sterol concentrations (−12.0%; P = 0.04) compared with the control NCEP milk-free diet.ConclusionsThese data suggest that short-term consumption of low fat milk in the context of a prudent NCEP diet has no favorable nor deleterious effect on cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MetS in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2891-14-12) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The impact of dairy intake on cardiometabolic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) needs further research
In order to better understand the effect of milk consumption on cardiometabolic health, we have investigated in a randomized crossover controlled study the impact of milk consumption on a large array of cardiometabolic features associated with MetS, namely blood lipids, cholesterol and glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, endothelial function, inflammation, VLDL apoB and HDL apoA-1 kinetics in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity
Based on a recent meta-analysis of prospective population studies [15], each 200 g/d serving of milk is associated with a small but significant 4% reduction in the risk of hypertension. Consistent with these data, we have shown that 6-week consumption of 2% milk significantly reduced systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure compared with baseline in postmenopausal women, who had in average relatively normal usual Blood pressure (BP) levels
Summary
The impact of dairy intake on cardiometabolic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) needs further research. A significant proportion of CVD events in industrialized countries is attributable to the presence of a cluster of cardiometabolic perturbations associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) [1]. This syndrome encompasses abdominal obesity and dysregulations of glucose and insulin metabolism along with hypertension, impaired endothelial function [2], inflammation, and a typical dyslipidemic prevalence of the MetS is high in postmenopausal women [8]. Data from several prospective cohort studies have shown that dairy and milk consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS [12,13]. Data from randomized clinical trials having assessed the impact of milk consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors are mixed and not fully consistent with data from epidemiological studies [19,20,21,22,23,24]
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