Abstract
Paddy field is one of the anthropogenic sources that produce greenhouse gases emission. This study aimed to investigate the impact of methanotrophic and N2O-reducing bacterial inoculation on CH4 and N2O emissions, paddy growth and bacterial community structure in paddy field. Two treatments of 100% synthetic fertilizer (250 kg urea/ha) without biofertilizer and 50% synthetic fertilizer (125 kg urea/ha) with biofertilizer consisted of methanotrophic and N2O-reducing bacteria were applied in the paddy field. Inoculation of methanotrophic and N2O-reducing bacteria was able to reduce CH4 and N2O emission up to 4.19 mg CH4/m2/day and 351.29 µg N2O/m2/day, respectively. Those bacterial applications were also able to increase paddy growth and yield productivity. According to DGGE profile, inoculation of the biofertilizer seemed to have a transient impact on bacterial communities in paddy soil at 36 days after transplanting (DAT) which showed the lowest similarity with all samples (a similarity index of 0.68). DGGE bands successfully excised have closest relative to uncultured bacteria which comprised 5 phyla, i.e. Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria), Nitrospirae, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria. In this study, Alphaproteobacteria was the most dominant phylum. We provide basic information for developing the biofertilizer which supports sustainable agriculture.
Highlights
Paddy cultivation is one of the anthropogenic activities that produce greenhouse gases (GHG) emission, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) with a global warming potential (GWP) of 25 and 298 times higher than CO2 (100-year horizon), respectively (IPCC 2007)
Paddy plant height was significantly higher in biofertilizer application at 36, 69, and 106 days after transplanting (DAT), compared to without biofertilizer (p≤0.05) (Figure 1)
Several studies have demonstrated that methanotrophic bacteria
Summary
Paddy cultivation is one of the anthropogenic activities that produce greenhouse gases (GHG) emission, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) with a global warming potential (GWP) of 25 and 298 times higher than CO2 (100-year horizon), respectively (IPCC 2007). Irrigation and fertilizer treatment intensely applied in paddy fields can promote GHG emissions. Indonesia is one of the top five countries contributing to atmospheric CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields in 2010 (USEPA 2013). CH4 is anaerobically produced by methanogens, aerobically oxidized by methanotrophic bacteria in the oxidative layer of the soil. Conrad and Rothfus (1991) reported that 80% of CH4 in paddy fields is oxidized by methanotroph.
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