Impact of Metallic, Quantum Dots and Carbon-Based Nanoparticles on Quality and Storage of Albumin Products for Clinical Use

Abstract

Albumin is the most versatile carrier protein in plasma, possessing multiple functions; a reduced amount of albumin in the body is associated with different kinds of diseases such as hypovolemia and hypoproteinemia. The demand for albumin increased for various indications in shocks, burns, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute liver failure and research applications. Several potential problems associated with the preparation and administration of this substance arise from purity, sterilization process and vascular membrane permeability. The present review discusses the potential of metallic, quantum dots and carbon-based nanocarriers to improve the quality of blood products and the effect of these nanoparticles on albumin products. The effects of these nanoparticles on albumin products with a focus on toxicity aspects, structural alteration, stressing conditions, stabilizing agents and unwanted leakage are highlighted. Our literature review indicated the enhanced efficiency of AuNPs in metallic nanoparticles and better performance of negatively charged QDs on albumin products, which provided important information for possible safe use in medical applications. Moreover, among carbon-based nanoparticles, GO had relatively improved effects on albumin unwanted leakage and fibrillation. This review suggests an agenda for scientists to use and design nanoparticles to improve albumin products for various applications.