Impact of Metabolic Regulation in Understanding the Status of Human Health and Diseases: A Review

Abstract

The concept of metabolic regulations deals with the varied and innumerable metabolic pathways that are present in the human body. A combination of such metabolic reactions paves the way for the proper functioning of different physiological and biological functions. Dealing with the adversities of a disease, engineering of novel metabolic pathways showcase the potential of metabolic engineering and its applications in the therapeutic treatment of diseases. A proper and deeper understanding of the metabolic functions in the human body can be known from gut-microflora and simulated yeast models. At molecular level, the metabolic regulation works mainly by modulation of the activities of the enzyme. This gives a brief understanding about the interactions between the molecular set of metabolomes and its complexity. The idea of model simulation can help us to draw some possible hypotheses regarding how different the components of a certain pathway are connected. Introduction of engineered microorganisms into the gut might bring about the required variation in the microbiota, thereby inducing them to express certain biomarkers specific to certain microbial groups forming a basis for disease diagnosis and pathogenesis. Since the metabolic homeostasis and observable phenotype are linked to each other, metabolism can be used as a diagnostic of the phenotype. The present review, therefore, focuses on the importance of both the gut-microbiota and yeast model in improving our understanding about the metabolic regulations involved in human health and disease.