IMPACT OF MEMORY TRAINING WITH METAMEMORY CONCEPT IN THE ELDERLY WITH SUBJECTIVE MEMORY COMPLAINTS

Abstract

Understanding how memory works and accurately monitoring the memory processes enable the appropriate planning and execution of the memory strategy. In this study, the effects of the multi-strategic memory training based on the metamemory concept were tested in older adults with subjective memory complaint using both behavioral and MRI approaches. Two hundred one community-dwelling elders with subjective memory complaints participated in the study and were randomized to multi-strategic memory training of 10 weekly 90 minute-sessions based on the metamemory concept or usual care. Among them, 49 (39 from the training group and 10 from the control group) were randomly selected for brain MRI imaging. The training group showed a significantly higher increase in delayed free recall, categorical fluency and Boston naming test. In the brain structure analyses, the mean diffusivity of the bundles of axon tracts passing from the frontal lobe to the posterior end of the lateral sulcus was decreased more in the training group. In addition, the cortical thickness of the left rectal gyrus in the frontal cortex was increased more in the training group than in the control group. These Results indicate that the training program for understanding and monitoring memory has vital and positive impacts on enhancing elders’ cognitive performance. Improved white matter integrity in the anterior and posterior cerebrum and increased cortical thickness of prefrontal region, which are related to metacognition, possibly suggest that the effects of the metamemory training would be induced via the enhancement of cognitive control.