Abstract
The influence of membrane pore size on the permeate flux, fouling mechanism, and rejection of soluble and suspended solids, as well as of phenolics and anthocyanins, in the clarification of grape marc extract by microfiltration (MF) was studied. MF was operated by using three monotubular ceramic membranes with a pore size of 0.14, 0.2, and 0.8 µm, respectively, according to a batch concentration configuration in selected operating conditions (2.25 bar as operating pressure, 4.93 L/min as feed flow rate, and 25 °C as operating temperature). No significant differences in the permeate flux values were appreciated despite the difference in pore size. The mathematical analyses of the flux behavior revealed that intermediate pore blocking is the predominant mechanism for 0.14 and 0.2 µm membranes, whereas complete pore blocking prevails for the 0.8 µm membrane. Differences in the fouling mechanism were associated with differences in the total phenols rejection: the highest rejection was observed for the 0.8 µm membrane followed by 0.2 and 0.14 µm membranes. All selected membranes showed low rejection of sugars, with values lower than 10%, and no retention towards anthocyanins. All the clarified extracts showed a turbidity lower than 4.87 NTU. Based on the experimental results, the 0.14 µm membrane appeared as the best option for the clarification of grape marc extract.
Highlights
These days, the globe is facing critical challenges in terms of environmental issues, which are moving several industries to the development of sustainable processes for every kind of production.In this regard, the industries are greatly interested in implementing innovative, productive cycles through the sustainable use of resources and the implementation of clean production patterns, which all concepts of circular economy based on the three R’s, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle [1]
Permeate fluxes resulted in the same order of those obtained and a lowerpermeate. These results clearly indicated a strong correlation between the pore size and the by Prodanov et al [42] in the clarification of grape pomace extracts using polysulphone hollow fiber fouling mechanism, in turn performance
68.65 ± 12.85 for the clarification of a grape marc extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction
Summary
These days, the globe is facing critical challenges in terms of environmental issues, which are moving several industries to the development of sustainable processes for every kind of production In this regard, the industries are greatly interested in implementing innovative, productive cycles through the sustainable use of resources and the implementation of clean production patterns, which all concepts of circular economy based on the three R’s, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle [1]. The industries are greatly interested in implementing innovative, productive cycles through the sustainable use of resources and the implementation of clean production patterns, which all concepts of circular economy based on the three R’s, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle [1] In this context, biorefinery development is considered an appropriated strategy for the proper use of renewable sources. In 2018, 44.35 million tons of grape were destined for wine production
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