Abstract
A fire retardant composite adhesive for bonding wood and wood-based elements has been developed and characterized. To obtain the enhanced fire-proof properties of the wood adhesive dispersion based on the poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), ceramic fillers (17.5 wt% total)—alumina, silica, kaolin and glass fibers were applied. Moreover, fire retardants such as melamine, melamine phosphate and melamine polyphosphate (up to 7 wt%) were also used. Thermal analysis (TG-DSC), strength tests, rheology, pH and flammability measurements (PCFC) were performed. The best properties of the adhesive were achieved for ceramic additives supported by melamine phosphate. A slight improvement of shear strength, shift of the last decomposition step of PVAc (residue degradation) towards higher temperatures by about 50 °C, reduction in mass loss from 100 wt% to less than 70 wt% and about 30–40% improvement of flammability parameters such as heat release capacity, total heat release or peak heat release rate were found compared to the pure poly(vinyl acetate) adhesive.
Highlights
Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) water dispersion has been commonly used as a wood adhesive for decades
The addition of ceramic materials to the poly(vinyl acetate) did not affect the initial and final viscosity value of the mixture, which was ensured by the application of water
The impact of ceramic fillers, melamine and its derivatives to D2 commercial wood adhesive based on the poly(vinyl acetate) water dispersion was investigated
Summary
Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) water dispersion has been commonly used as a wood adhesive for decades. It is a thermoplastic polymer, relatively cheap and applied. The research conducted on PVAc adhesives focused on improving thermal or mechanical performance, such as shear strength and thermal stability. It is mainly realized by Generally, the reduction in combustibility and production of smoke or toxic fume is realized by using fire retardants and fillers. Examples of actions are endothermic decomposition, which reduces the temperature of the pyrolysis zone, interruption of exothermic processes by radical mechanism or formation of char that acts as a barrier against the heat.
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