Impact of Medicaid Expansion on the Treatment and Outcomes of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

Abstract

IntroductionThe Affordable Care Act increased insurance coverage for patients residing in states that expanded Medicaid coverage, but its impact on the outcomes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is not clear. Therefore, we examine the impact of Medicaid expansion (ME) on access to treatment and outcomes of ICC. MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) data for patients with a diagnosis of ICC (2010–2018). Difference-in-difference (DID) analysis was performed to assess the impact of January 2014 ME on curative-intent surgical resection, multimodal therapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 30-day mortality, and overall survival (OS). ResultsOf the 2150 patients included in the study,1574 (73.2%) and 576 (26.8%) patients lived in non-ME and ME states, respectively. On adjusted DID, ME was independently associated with receipt of curative-intent surgical resection (DID coefficient: 0.05, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.04–0.06, p = 0.002) and multimodal therapy (DID coefficient: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.06–0.10, p = 0.004). In addition, ME was associated with improved OS in ME states (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62–0.87, p = 0.001) but not in non-ME states (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.80–1.12, p = 0.536). ConclusionME status consistently predicted increased utilization of care processes that improved ICC outcomes, including greater rates of curative-intent surgery and multimodal therapy.