Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-11 is involved in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling and plays an essential role in cancer development and metastasis. This study investigated the association of MMP-11 polymorphisms with the clinicopathological characteristics and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MMP-11 were analyzed in 578 patients with prostate cancer through real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. A prostate-specific antigen level of >10 ng/mL, Gleason grade groups 4 + 5, advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, invasion, and high-risk D’Amico classification were significantly associated with biochemical recurrence in the patients (p < 0.001). MMP-11 rs131451 “TC + CC” polymorphic variants were associated with advanced clinical stage (T stage; p = 0.007) and high-risk D’Amico classification (p = 0.015) in patients with biochemical recurrence. These findings demonstrate that MMP-11 polymorphisms were not associated with prostate cancer susceptibility; however, the rs131451 polymorphic variant was associated with late-stage tumors and high-risk D’Amico classification in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence. Thus, the MMP-11 SNP rs131451 may contribute to the tumor development in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and is among the most common causes of cancer mortality among men [1,2]
We examined the associations of Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-11 polymorphisms with the clinicopathological characteristics and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
A previous study suggested that prostate cancers with high expression levels of MMP-11 were significantly associated with a higher probability of biochemical recurrence [29]
Summary
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and is among the most common causes of cancer mortality among men [1,2]. The incidence of prostate cancer has increased globally, even in Asian countries, where the incidence was reported to be low in the past [3]. Risk factors such as ethnicity, family history, diet, smoking, and somatic genomic alterations have been suggested to be associated with prostate cancer carcinogenesis [4,5]. The risk of prostate cancer increases with age in men, and most patients are diagnosed after the age of 65 years [6]. The definition of biochemical recurrence (BCR) is associated with elevated serum PSA levels in patients with prostate cancer after treatment [8,9]
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