Abstract
BackgroundIndividuals with low cardiovascular risk factor profiles experience lower rates of cardiovascular diseases, but associations with geriatric syndromes are unclear. We tested whether individuals with low cardiovascular disease risk, aged 60–69 years old at baseline in two large cohorts, were less likely to develop aging-related adverse health outcomes.MethodsData were from population representative medical records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD] England, n = 239,591) and healthy volunteers (UK Biobank [UKB], n = 181,820), followed for ≤10 years. A cardiovascular disease risk score (CRS) summarized smoking status, LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index, fasting glucose and physical activity, grouping individuals as low (ie, all factors near ideal), moderate, or high CRS. Logistic regression, Cox models, and Fine and Grey risk models tested the associations between the CRS and health outcomes.ResultsLow CRS individuals had less chronic pain (UKB: baseline odds ratio = 0.52, confidence interval [CI] = 0.50–0.54), lower incidence of incontinence (CPRD: subhazard ratio [sub-HR] = 0.75, 0.63–0.91), falls (sub-HR = 0.82, CI = 0.73–0.91), fragility fractures (sub-HR = 0.78, CI = 0.65–0.93), and dementia (vs. high risks; UKB: sub-HR = 0.67, CI = 0.50–0.89; CPRD: sub-HR = 0.79, CI = 0.56–1.12). Only 5.4% in CPRD with low CRS became frail (Rockwood index) versus 24.2% with high CRS. All-cause mortality was markedly lower in the low CRS group (vs. high CRS; HR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.35–0.47). All associations showed dose–response relationships, and results were similar in both cohorts.ConclusionsPersons aged 60–69 years with near-ideal cardiovascular risk factor profiles have substantially lower incidence of geriatric conditions and frailty. Optimizing cardiovascular disease risk factors may substantially reduce the burden of morbidity in later life.
Highlights
Individuals with low cardiovascular risk factor profiles experience lower rates of cardiovascular diseases, but associations with geriatric syndromes are unclear
Clinical Practice Research Datalink Baseline sociodemographic variables in statistical models included age at the beginning of follow-up, sex, and quintiles of the 2007 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for England [17]
Note: CPRD = Clinical Practice Research Datalink; CV = cardiovascular; IMD = 2007 Index of Multiple Deprivation for England; Townsend = Townsend deprivation index
Summary
Individuals with low cardiovascular risk factor profiles experience lower rates of cardiovascular diseases, but associations with geriatric syndromes are unclear. We tested whether individuals with low cardiovascular disease risk, aged 60–69 years old at baseline in two large cohorts, were less likely to develop aging-related adverse health outcomes. A cardiovascular disease risk score (CRS) summarized smoking status, LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index, fasting glucose and physical activity, grouping individuals as low (ie, all factors near ideal), moderate, or high CRS. Results: Low CRS individuals had less chronic pain (UKB: baseline odds ratio = 0.52, confidence interval [CI] = 0.50–0.54), lower incidence of incontinence (CPRD: subhazard ratio [sub-HR] = 0.75, 0.63–0.91), falls (sub-HR = 0.82, CI = 0.73–0.91), fragility fractures (sub-HR = 0.78, CI = 0.65–0.93), and dementia (vs high risks; UKB: sub-HR = 0.67, CI = 0.50–0.89; CPRD: sub-HR = 0.79, CI = 0.56–1.12). Conclusions: Persons aged 60–69 years with near-ideal cardiovascular risk factor profiles have substantially lower incidence of geriatric conditions and frailty. Optimizing cardiovascular disease risk factors may substantially reduce the burden of morbidity in later life
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