Abstract
Sample collection, processing, storage and isolation methods constitute pre-analytic factors that can influence the quality of samples used in research and clinical practice. With regard to biobanking practices, a critical point in the sample’s life chain is storage, particularly long-term storage. Since most studies examine the influence of different temperatures (4°C, room temperature) or delays in sample processing on sample quality, there is only little information on the effects of long-term storage at ultra-low (vapor phase of liquid nitrogen) temperatures on biomarker levels. Among these biomarkers, circulating miRNAs hold great potential for diagnosis or prognosis for a variety of diseases, like cancer, infections and chronic diseases, and are thus of high interest in several scientific questions. We therefore investigated the influence of long-term storage on levels of eight circulating miRNAs (miR-103a-3p, miR-191-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-451a, miR-23a-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-24-3p, and miR-33b-5p) from 10 participants from the population-based cohort study KORA. Sample collection took place during the baseline survey S4 and the follow-up surveys F4 and FF4, over a time period spanning from 1999 to 2014. The influence of freeze-thaw (f/t) cycles on miRNA stability was also investigated using samples from volunteers (n = 6). Obtained plasma samples were profiled using Exiqon’s miRCURYTM real-time PCR profiling system, and repeated measures ANOVA was used to check for storage or f/t effects. Our results show that detected levels of most of the studied miRNAs showed no statistically significant changes due to storage at ultra-low temperatures for up to 17 years; miR-451a levels were altered due to contamination during sampling. Freeze-thawing of one to four cycles showed an effect only on miR-30c-5p. Our results highlight the robustness of this set of circulating miRNAs for decades of storage at ultra-low temperatures and several freeze-thaw cycles, which makes our findings increasingly relevant for research conducted with biobanked samples.
Highlights
The pre-analytical phase of studies conducted using biobanking samples consists of the collection, retrieval, processing and transport of biological samples
Since most studies examine the influence of different temperatures (4 ̊C, room temperature) or delays in sample processing on sample quality, there is only little information on the effects of long-term storage at ultralow temperatures on biomarker levels
MiRNAs are 22–25 nucleotide-long, small non-coding ribonucleic acids that function as post-transcriptional regulators in gene expression by targeting specific messenger RNA [2]. These miRNAmRNA interactions can lead to either gene downregulation, by either repressing the translation or completely degrading the targeted mRNA [3]; or to a positive regulation, by enhancing translation in a process termed as RNA activation (RNAa) [4]
Summary
The pre-analytical phase of studies conducted using biobanking samples consists of the collection, retrieval, processing and transport of biological samples. Since most studies examine the influence of different temperatures (4 ̊C, room temperature) or delays in sample processing on sample quality, there is only little information on the effects of long-term storage at ultralow (vapor phase of liquid nitrogen) temperatures on biomarker levels. MiRNAs are 22–25 nucleotide-long, small non-coding ribonucleic acids that function as post-transcriptional regulators in gene expression by targeting specific messenger RNA (mRNA) [2]. These miRNAmRNA interactions can lead to either gene downregulation, by either repressing the translation or completely degrading the targeted mRNA [3]; or to a positive regulation, by enhancing translation in a process termed as RNA activation (RNAa) [4]. MiRNA research conducted during the last decade has hinted at their potential to be minimally invasive diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers [10] in a variety of fields, amongst which cancer [11], clinical trials [12], and infectious diseases [13] are a few examples
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