Abstract
A comparative analysis was conducted to examine thirty individuals who use heroin Group A, thirty who abstain Group B, and thirty in terms of demographics, body composition, and hormonal profiles as a control group. Group A demonstrated the lowest median weight and height while Group B exhibited the highest lean body mass. Notable differences emerged in luteinizing hormone, testosterone, bone alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, calcium/creatinine ratio, and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio across participants. These dissimilarities were markedly evident when contrasting the control group with Group A and Group B with Group A. The investigation's findings imply that opioid use and subsequent cessation profoundly influence hormone levels and bone metabolism. This underscores the necessity for tailored intervention strategies to specifically address the requirements of these populations.
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