Impact of Long-Rope Jumping on Monoamine and Attention in Young Adults.

Masatoshi Yamashita,Takanobu Yamamoto

doi:10.3390/brainsci11101347

Masatoshi Yamashita, Takanobu Yamamoto

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101347

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Journal: Brain sciences	Publication Date: Oct 13, 2021
Citations: 3	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Tezukayama University, Kyoto University

Abstract

Previous research has shown that rope jumping improves physical health; however, little is known about its impact on brain-derived monoamine neurotransmitters associated with cognitive regulation. To address these gaps in the literature, the present study compared outcomes between 15 healthy participants (mean age, 23.1 years) after a long-rope jumping exercise and a control condition. Long-rope jumping also requires co-operation between people, attention, spatial cognition, and rhythm sensation. Psychological questionnaires were administered to both conditions, and Stroop task performance and monoamine metabolite levels in the saliva and urine were evaluated. Participants performing the exercise exhibited lower anxiety levels than those in the control condition. Saliva analyses showed higher 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (a norepinephrine metabolite) levels, and urine analyses revealed higher 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (a serotonin metabolite) levels in the exercise condition than in the control. Importantly, urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid level correlated with salivary and urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol levels in the exercise condition. Furthermore, cognitive results revealed higher Stroop performance in the exercise condition than in the control condition; this performance correlated with salivary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol levels. These results indicate an association between increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and attention in long-rope jumping. We suggest that long-rope jumping predicts central norepinephrinergic activation and related attention maintenance.

Highlights

Exercise has beneficial effects on psychophysiological well-being and brain function [1,2].a monotonous or complicated exercise training program may not be the most enjoyable or performed exercise
There were no significant differences in POMS depression, anger, vigor, fatigability and confusion scores, and individual and social orientation between the two conditions. These results indicate that, compared with the control condition (CC), the rhythmic exercise of long-rope jumping reduced anxiety levels
30 minutes after completion the rhythmic exercise of long-rope jumping linked higher attention perfordid notof show differences in Urinary homovanillic acid (uHVA). These results indicate that the rhythmic exercise of long-rope jumping increased the s/uMHPG and u5-HIAA levels

Summary

Introduction

Exercise has beneficial effects on psychophysiological well-being and brain function [1,2].a monotonous or complicated exercise training program may not be the most enjoyable or performed exercise. In a society suffering from increasing health issues, identifying simple and enjoyable exercises that can effectively mitigate mental illnessrelated cognitive and brain dysfunction is important. Being a simple and aerobic rhythmic exercise, the rope jumping program was introduced as a teaching tool for improving physical health in Japanese elementary schools in the early 1900s. Rope jumping co-ordinates movements of the upper and lower body to maintain balance and rhythm. Pitreli and O’Shea reported that rope jumping combines the angular momentum of the rope and vertical displacement of the body and involves upper and lower synchrony where positioning and timing are critical [3]. Given that time perception is involved in the processing of timing information [4], the rope jumping skill may be associated with superior cognitive functions, including spatial-temporal perception.

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