Abstract
Impact of Local Environment on Cooling Island Effect of Water Body: Case Study of Changsha, China
Highlights
China has been undergoing rapid urbanization over the past 40 years
The water cooling island (WCI) effect mainly depends on the water body size, shape, surrounding vegetation coverage, architectural features, and atmospheric circulation.[13,14] In previous research, to the description of urban heat island (UHI) intensity, the WCI effect was described from three aspects: the cooling distance (WCI_D), cooling magnitude (WCI_M), and cooling gradient (WCI_G).(15,16)
Syafii et al found that even a 4 m2 pond can reduce the temperature in the surrounding area,(17) while Saaroni and Ziv found that a pond of 4 ha could provide a cooling effect over a distance of 40 m.(18) Adams and Dove reported that a 35-m-wide river caused a drop of 1–1.5 °C in the ambient temperature over a range of 30 m.(19) Sun and Chen conducted WCI research on 197 water bodies in Beijing and demonstrated that the mean amplitude and efficiency of the WCI were 0.54 °C/hm and 1.76 °C/hm/ha, respectively.[12]. Zeng et al found that 2 km2 water has the capability to cool the environment by 0.6 °C over a range of 1 km.[11]
Summary
China has been undergoing rapid urbanization over the past 40 years. Its urban regions cover an area up to 12 times larger than that in 1981.(1) According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China (2015), the urbanization rate of China is expected to reach 70% by 2030.(2) The rapid development has led to the degradation of the urban thermal environment with adverse effects on public health and the ecological environment.Water bodies and green space in urban areas as urban cooling islands have been shown academically to play important roles in mitigating urban heat island (UHI) effects.[3,4,5,6] The cooling island effect refers to the phenomenon that the temperature in the area is obviously lower than that in the surrounding area. Syafii et al found that even a 4 m2 pond can reduce the temperature in the surrounding area,(17) while Saaroni and Ziv found that a pond of 4 ha could provide a cooling effect over a distance of 40 m.(18) Adams and Dove reported that a 35-m-wide river caused a drop of 1–1.5 °C in the ambient temperature over a range of 30 m.(19) Sun and Chen conducted WCI research on 197 water bodies in Beijing and demonstrated that the mean amplitude and efficiency of the WCI were 0.54 °C/hm and 1.76 °C/hm/ha, respectively.[12] Zeng et al found that 2 km water has the capability to cool the environment by 0.6 °C over a range of 1 km.[11]. There has been insufficient research on the impact of the local environment on the WCI effect, such as the changes in WCI_D and WCI_M caused by an upwind and downwind direction, or the difference due to different types of land cover
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