Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of adjunct local minocycline administration on the microbiological parameters of subgingival plaque samples in the residual periodontal pockets. Ten chronic periodontitis patients under a supportive periodontal therapy regimen were recruited. After subgingival debridement, either 2% minocycline gel, Periocline™, (Test Group) or a placebo (Control Group) was administered to the selected sites once a week for three weeks. Subgingival plaque was collected at baseline, and at four weeks and eight weeks. The microbiological composition was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. In the Test Group, α-diversity (evenness) decreased compared to the baseline (p = 0.005) and was lower compared to the control group at four weeks (p = 0.003). The microbial community composition between the two groups was significantly different at four weeks (p = 0.029). These changes were attributable to a decrease in the bacteria associated with periodontitis and an increase in the bacteria associated with periodontal health. Additionally, the improvement in bleeding on probing continued at eight weeks; however, there were little microbial effects of 2% minocycline gel observed at eight weeks. The control group demonstrated no change throughout the eight-week experimental period. Thus, local minocycline administration can change the subgingival microbial community of residual periodontal pockets.
Highlights
Periodontitis is caused by a complex of pathogenic microorganisms and inflammatory host responses resulting in the destruction of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone resorption [1]. the etiological role of subgingival bacteria is clear, the understanding of the roles of specific bacteria, red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia), in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is changing [2]
All patients had been previously treated for chronic periodontitis and received a supportive periodontal therapy regimen for at least three months
We demonstrated that the local administration of 2% minocycline gel, PerioclineTM, a slow-release formulation of minocycline [40], was clearly effective in decreasing red complex bacteria and emerging periodontitis-associated bacteria. 2% minocycline gel use was associated with an increase in health-associated bacteria
Summary
Periodontitis is caused by a complex of pathogenic microorganisms and inflammatory host responses resulting in the destruction of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone resorption [1]. the etiological role of subgingival bacteria is clear, the understanding of the roles of specific bacteria, red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia), in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is changing [2]. The pathogenic role of P. gingivalis is proposed to be key to the induction of dysbiosis in the subgingival microbiome [3]. Successful periodontal treatment results in the reduction of periodontal pocket depth and a reduction in the proportion of pathogenic bacteria, such as red complex bacteria, in periodontal pockets [4,5]. Mechanical debridement of bacterial deposits on root surfaces is fundamental to the treatment of periodontitis. Mechanical debridement is a highly demanding procedure with limitations, such as the inability to access deposits in deep pockets, surface irregularities and furcation areas. Mechanical debridement has limited access to bacteria within the gingiva
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