Abstract
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) under study at CERN will produce 50-TeV high-energy proton beams. The high-energy particle beams are bent by 16-T superconducting dipole magnets operating at 1.9 K and distributed over a circumference of 80 km. The circulating beams induce 5 MW of dynamic heat loads by several processes such as synchrotron radiation, resistive dissipation of beam image currents and electron clouds. These beam-induced heat loads will be intercepted by beam screens operating between 40 and 60 K and induce transients during beam injection. Energy ramp-up and beam dumping on the distributed beam-screen cooling loops, the sector cryogenic plants and the dedicated circulators. Based on the current baseline parameters, numerical simulations of the fluid flow in the cryogenic distribution system during a beam operation cycle were performed. The effects of the thermal inertia of the headers on the helium flow temperature at the cryogenic plant inlet as well as the temperature gradient experienced by the beam screen has been assessed. Additionally, this work enabled a thorough exergetic analysis of different cryogenic plant configurations and laid the building-block for establishing design specification of cold and warm circulators.
Highlights
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) will use electric fields to speed up and increase the energy of a beam of particles [1,2]
The effects of the thermal inertia of the headers on the helium flow temperature at the cryogenic plant inlet as well as the temperature gradient experienced by the beam screen has been assessed
The time constants of these parameters are not necessarily compatible with the dynamic heat loads resulting from the increase in energy of the circulating beams, making the cryogenic plants design a top priority issue
Summary
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) will use electric fields to speed up and increase the energy of a beam of particles [1,2]. The FCC will have a beam-screen inserted in the vacuum pipes to intercept the heat loads resulting from the circulating particle beams (see Figure 3). As a result of the cryogenic distribution line architecture, the mass flow rate in the return header at the end of the arc is substantially smaller than those near the cryogenic plant. Considering a beam cycle wherein the compressors operate at a constant discharge pressure results in variations of the mass of helium in the cryogenic distribution system of about 6 tons per cycle. This implies the mass would have to be transported back and forth to the cryogenic plants per each beam cycle. The temperature difference between the two streams at one end of the heat exchanger is of 5 K
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