Abstract
BackgroundThe goal of the study is to investigate if local agricultural practices have an impact on malaria transmission in four villages located in the same geographical area within a radius of 15 kilometers. Among the villages, one (Itassoumba) is characterized by the presence of a large market garden and fishpond basins, the three others (Itakpako, Djohounkollé and Ko-koumolou) are characterized by traditional food-producing agriculture.MethodsMalaria transmission was evaluated using human-landing catches, both indoors and outdoors, two nights per month for 12 months. Field collected females An. gambiae s.l. were exposed for 1 hour to 0.75% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin using WHO insecticide susceptibility test kits and procedures. The presence of the kdr mutation was analyzed by PCR.ResultsAnopheles gambiae s.s form M (93.65%), was identified as the main malaria vector. Its susceptibility level to pyrethroids was the same (p > 0.05) in all villages. kdr mutation frequencies are 81.08 in Itakpako, 85 in Itassoumba, 79.73 in Djohounkollé and 86.84 in Ko-Koumolou (p = 0.63). The entomological inoculation rate ranged from 9.62 to 21.65 infected bites of An. gambiae per human per year in Djohounkollé, Itakpako and Ko-Koumolou against 1159.62 in Itassoumba (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe level of resistance of An. gambiae to pyrethroids was the same in the four villages. The heterogeneous character of malaria epidemiology was confirmed. The creation of fishponds basins and the development of market-gardening activities increased drastically the malaria transmission in Itassoumba.
Highlights
The goal of the study is to investigate if local agricultural practices have an impact on malaria transmission in four villages located in the same geographical area within a radius of 15 kilometers
The present study has confirmed the heterogeneous character of malaria epidemiology
The creation of fishponds and the regional market-gardening development in Itassoumba have caused a proliferation of Anopheles, especially An. gambiae
Summary
The goal of the study is to investigate if local agricultural practices have an impact on malaria transmission in four villages located in the same geographical area within a radius of 15 kilometers. According to Akogbéto et al [16], several mosquito species, in particular An. gambiae, lays their eggs in breeding sites located in the cultivated areas and are likely to be exposed to pyrethroids during the treatments against agricultural pests. According to these same authors, residues of pyrethroids could be found in the soil and could exert a selection pressure on mosquito populations during their development cycle. It is possible that the different agricultural practices implemented have an impact on the malaria vectors resistance status as well on the transmission of the parasites responsible for this disease
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