Abstract
Abstract Flux decline in bench scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) configured for chemical phosphorous removal using ferric chloride increased as the molar Fe to P ratio increased from 2 to 4 and was strongly dependent on the valence state of the low concentrations of filterable iron present in the supernatant. MBRs operating without pH control over the pH range 5.1–7.1 exhibited variable but generally higher concentrations of dissolved and colloidal (
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