Abstract
In SW British Columbia, introduced Palearctic species are now the most common leafrollers on apple, strawberry and cranberry and among the dominant on blueberry. Only one of the 8 introduced species on apple has reached the orchard region of the Interior, the Okanagan Valley. There it is becoming increasingly the dominant leafroller. Orchard-pest management programs will be complicated as the other 7 arrive. An accidentally introduced parasite led ultimately to a conclusion that to enhance the chances of successful classical biological control, introduced parasites should be released as parasitized hosts rather than as adults. Reactions to the introductions of European gypsy moth and winter moth initiated a study of ethical behaviour of people involved in pest control.
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