Impact of Intra- and Subretinal Fluid on Vision Based on Volume Quantification in the HARBOR Trial

Abstract

To investigate the functional associations of intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF) volumes at baseline and after the loading dose as well as fluid change after the first injection with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who received an anti-VEGF treatment over 24 months. Post hoc analysis of a phase III, randomized, multicenter trial in which ranibizumab was administered monthly or in a pro re nata regimen (HARBOR). Study eyes of 1094 treatment-naïve patients with nAMD. IRF and SRF volumes were segmented automatically on monthly spectral domain OCT images. Fluid volumes and changes thereof were included as covariates into longitudinal mixed-effects models, which modeled BCVA trajectories. BCVA estimates corresponding to baseline, follow-up, and persistent IRF/SRF volumes after the loading dose; BCVA estimates of change in fluid volumes after the first injection; and marginal and conditional R2. Analysis of 22 494 volumetric scans revealed that foveal IRF consistently shows a negative correlation with BCVA at baseline and subsequent visits (-3.23 and-4.32 letters/100 nL, respectively). After the first injection, BCVA increased by+2.13 letters/100 nL decrease in foveal IRF. Persistent IRF was associated with lower baseline BCVA and less improvement. Foveal SRF correlated with better BCVA at baseline and subsequent visits (+6.52 and+1.42 letters/100 nL, respectively). After the first injection, SRF decrease was associated with significant vision gain (+5.88 letters/100 nL). Foveal fluid correlated more with BCVA than parafoveal IRF/SRF. Although IRF consistently correlates with decreased function and recovery throughout therapy, SRF is associated with a more pronounced functional improvement. Moreover, SRF resolution provides increased benefit. Fluid-function correlation represents an essential base for the development of personalized treatment regimens, optimizing functional outcomes, and reducing treatment burden.