Abstract
Space-based crews are expected to interact with highly automated and possibly intelligent systems and to perform these interactions with often little or no prior training, or on an infrequent or sporadic basis. These activities will characterize a new role for space-based crews, that of supervisory control. Supervisory control tasks in turn define a new set of requirements for Space Station man-machine interface (MMI) design: (1) multi-function display and control hardware, (2) displays that enhance the crew person's mental model of invisible processes, (3) highly supportive man-machine dialogue, including special features to support dialogue with expert systems, (4) incorporation of machine intelligence into the MMI itself to provide a seemingly uniform interface to numerous processes, data bases, and expert systems, and (5) electronic documentation. A discussion of these concepts is illustrated by examples from recent MMI designs, including a multi-function display and control system developed for the Space Shuttle, an MMI system developed for NASA JSC for the Space Station environmental control and life support system, ATOZ--an intelligent interface system, and VIMAD--an electronic documentation system for maintenance procedures.
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