Abstract
The fundamental analysis and modeling of kinetics of solvent extraction of rapeseed oil enable the quantification of the “washing” and “diffusion” steps. Both are illustrated through “starting accessibility” and “effective diffusivity”, respectively. This is a relevant way to identify how to intensify and optimize the operating conditions in terms of highest yield and lowest extraction time. Using the instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) expansion as a pre-treatment for the intensification of the whole unit operation, the starting accessibility ratio reached a value of 28.69% against 19.03% for the raw material. Effective diffusivity of DIC treated samples reached a value of 2.05 × 10-12 m2 /s instead of 0.72 × 10-12 m2 /s for the raw material. Regarding oil composition, predominant fatty acids in all extracted rapeseed oils are oleic acid (C18:1 n9) ranged from 57.58 to 59.03%, linoleic acid (C18:2 n6) ranged from 21.23 to 21.89%, and linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) ranged from 9.11 to 9.45%. None of DIC treatment produced a significant variation in relative fatty acid profile.
Highlights
The production of rapeseed oil has been highly developed over many years for food uses
raw material (RM): Raw Material, détente instantanée contrôlée (DIC): seeds treated by DIC following the experimental design, Norm: ISO 659-1988 norm
RM: Raw Material, DIC: seeds treated by DIC following the experimental design, Norm: ISO 659-1988 norm, saturated fatty acids (SFA): Saturated Fatty Acid, MUFA: Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acid, PUFA: Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid, Yieldoil: extracted oil yield in g/100 g dm
Summary
The production of rapeseed oil has been highly developed over many years for food uses. Rapeseed seeds carry a quantity between 40 to 55% oil weight (wt%) which contains triglycerides 97–99 wt%, fatty acids 0.5–2 wt% and minor lipids 0.5–1 wt% (Olivier and Elisabeth, 2009). Rapeseed oil is known for its high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. The main fatty acid composition is approximately oleic acid C18:1 (61.6%), linoleic acid C18:2 (21.7%), linolenic acid. World production of rapeseed seed amounts is about 5 million tons/year, taking the 5th place among oilseed crops (USDA, 2013). Industries employ and even combine both mechanical (pre-press) and solvent extraction methods. Residual oil content in rapeseed meal is around 2% (Lomascolo et al, 2012)
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