Impact of initial catalyst form on the 3D structure and performance of ball-milled Ni-catalyzed MgH2 for hydrogen storage

Abstract

Although it has been shown that the hydrogen storage kinetics of metal hydrides can be significantly improved by the addition of transition metal-based catalysts, relatively little attention has been paid to the impact that the form in which these catalysts are introduced during synthesis has on the resulting structure and how this alters performance. Two mixtures of MgH2 doped with Ni were prepared via high-energy ball-milling under identical conditions, one using a pure Ni nanopowder catalyst and the other using anhydrous NiCl2. The resulting Ni catalyst particles of the NiCl2-doped material were 10–100 times smaller, as well as more uniform in size and shape. Electron tomography revealed that the additive form also altered its incorporation and 3D spatial distribution, with Ni particles limited to the outer surface in the NiCl2-doped case. The significantly lower desorption performance measured in the NiCl2-doped material is attributed to regions of MgCl2 acting as barriers between the MgH2 and Ni, hindering the ability of the latter to effectively catalyze the reactions. This work demonstrates the hazards in assuming different catalyst forms produce similar final structures and highlights the potential of catalyst form as a synthesis tool for optimizing the material structure and performance.