Abstract
Beneficial or adverse effects of Static Magnetic Fields (SMFs) are a large concern for the scientific community. In particular, the effect of SMF exposure during anticancer therapies still needs to be fully elucidated. Here, we evaluate the effects of SMF at induction levels that cisPt-treated cancer patients experience during the imaging process conducted in Low field (200–500 mT), Open field (300–700 mT) and/or inhomogeneous High field (1.5–3 T) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines. Human adrenergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with 0.1 µM cisPt (i.e. the lowest concentration capable of inducing apoptosis) were exposed to SMF and their response was studied in vitro. Exposure of 0.1 µM cisPt-treated cells to SMF for 2 h decreased cell viability (30%) and caused overexpression of the apoptosis-related cleaved caspase-3 protein (46%). Furthermore, increase in ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production (23%) and reduction in the number of mitochondria vs controls were seen. The sole exposure of SMF for up to 24 h had no effect on cell viability but increased ROS production and modified cellular shape. On the other hand, the toxicity of cisPt was significantly prevented during 24 h exposure to SMF as shown by the levels of cell viability, cleaved caspase-3 and ROS production. In conclusion, due to the cytoprotective effect of 31.7–232.0 mT SMF on low-cisPt-concentration-treated SH-SY5Y cells, our data suggest that exposure to various sources of SMF in cancer patients under a cisPt regimen should be strictly controlled.
Highlights
Nowadays, many industrial and medical technologies use Static Magnetic Fields (SMFs) with strong magnetic inductions (1–5 T)
In an in vitro approach, we aimed to simulate and mimic the condition that cancer patients treated with cisPt experience under exposure to the magnetic field of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
The magnetic induction levels applied in the present work were chosen within the range of the static B0 component used for the MRI diagnosis (0.05–2 T)
Summary
Many industrial and medical technologies use Static Magnetic Fields (SMFs) with strong magnetic inductions (1–5 T). The risks arising from human exposure to these fields have not been fully determined. In answering this question, scientists are challenged with relating data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments to reveal what that occurs in humans. Meta-analysis of in vivo studies [1], that examined the effects of SMFs of MRI machines on humans, revealed significant impairments in various functions including: reaction time, visual processing, eye-hand coordination and working memory. Vergallo et al [2] provided in vitro evidence indicating that the exposure to a moderate inhomogeneous SMF for up to 24 h causes a beneficial effect on human macrophages and lymphocytes. The effects included the suppressed release of proinflammatory cytokines (InterLeukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-a) and production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10
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